A Southern Military School Tradition
The late nineteenth century brought an explosion of military schools and colleges in the southern United States due to the Morrill Act of 1890, which was a land grant act to promote militia based schools and colleges in the south.
Virginia in particularly established an inexpensive and practical education for the South's young men. Unlike most northern land-grant colleges, southern military high schools were generally founded or were church rooted institutions. The Southern Baptists for example heavily supported two of the leading academies, Fork Union Military Academy and Hargrave Military Academy.
These schools went far beyond the Morrill Act's requirement that these schools offer some instruction in military tactics.
Instead, southern schools saw the opportunity to capture a unique perspective for a great mix of discipline and focused education. They organized themselves with a military theme much like West Point, Annapolis, and Virginia Military Institute (VMI).
They were an all male boarding academy that required their students to be in uniform and subject to constant military way of life and discipline twenty four hours per day.
Over the years there has become a tradition in many southern families to attend high school at the same military academy that father or grad-father did, and then go on to the same military college as well.
The Virginia hills were peppered with fine military academies. Many tucked away in beautiful scenic Virginia mountainous and piedmont areas. Fishburne Military School, in Waynesboro, Va. And Fork Union, near Charlottesville, Hargrave Military Academy, in Chatham, Va. Randolf-Macon Academy, and Massanutten Military Academy in Woodstock, Va.
There is Oak Ridge Military Academy, in Oak Ridge, North Carolina. In Melbourne Florida there is Florida Air Academy.
There are two schools of thought on why people sent their male child off to military school in the 1950s and 60s. The first way of thinking and I support wholeheartedly, because I was there and I experienced it; folks had the choice of reform school or military school due to the kid becoming uncontrollable and constantly in some sort of trouble. This choice was a last ditch effort to keep the kid out of jail!
Often a judge would give a parent and a undisciplined kid who had gotten into several scrapes with the law an ultimatum, Military school or reform school! Sometimes it straightened the kid out and sometimes it didn’t.
Secondly, and surly there were many students within this criteria as well, there were student who attended because they wanted to be there for the program and the excellent scholastic reputation of being ahead of public education was well known. Also very qualified instruction and small teacher to student ratio was a popular thing too.
Each military academy stressed a focus on education and small classes, physical activity with rigorous sports programs and strict Military discipline, with PUNISHMENT !
There have been some military school cadets that have risen to great heights and success in there life. For example, Army Major General William Caldwell who himself graduated from Hargrave Military Academy, The same military academy I did.
In my day military school was a fine thing and I am very proud of having attended a couple of them. One year at Fork Union Military Academy, at Fork Union Va. and five years at Hargrave Military Academy, in Chatham Virginia. It was the discipline and structure that literally saved my life over the years several times. I do not exaggerate.
However, in these days the landscape in this world has totally changed. What I am about to say invites controversy.
From my perspective I see that the world of education as well as the world of all Military including military schools changing drastically.
To survive, the Military schools have needed to become co-educational. The rules have changed to accommodate the girls.
An example of change: Once if you talked back to a superior cadet officer, you’d be picking yourself up off the floor… That to say after you have done 500 push-ups!
“Oh”, you might say, “that’s abuse?” Ohhh-ok... you’re right, but back then it was discipline! Tough, get over it! Right?
Crying? “There’s no crying in Baseball” Famous line by Tom Hanks in a Movie
Can you imagine a Cadet crying in formation because she got chewed out for giggling about some cute little butterfly fluttering around the nose of the company commanders?
I probably the least bigoted person you’ll ever meet. With that said; we never had any blacks at military school when I was there. I wish we had, maybe then I would have had some friends.
If I were a Black man I would agree with Mr. Bill Cosby! I would shout from the roof tops and really be angry at the educational system.
Upon integrating the schools in the south they system criteria of study was lowered because the departments of education felt the blacks were not as smart as the white folk, therefore they made the school criteria easier. I would raise hell!
Politically correct? Only politicians need to be politically correct! Women don’t demand special treatment. They pee in the ditches of Afghanistan when they have too just as the men do. They don’t demand anything except to be able to prove themselves. Blacks too they just want to be accepted as equals and they are.
The southern military schools that have been flexible enough and able to change with the times have become a tradition and will be a proud part of Americana for many years to come.
Military schools of today have become excellent preparatory schools for service academies, and to give teenagers the opportunity to examine their interest in the possibility of pursuing higher education at a Military Institution and ultimately possibly a Military Career.
What once was an answer to some for an unmanageable kid has now definitely become a Southern Military School Tradition.
By JR Hafer